New developments in the nuclear powers’ harrowing four-day conflict, along with entrenched religious nationalism on each side, could signal more frequent battles ahead.

India and Pakistan agreed to an immediate ceasefire on Saturday, unexpectedly halting the worst fighting in decades between the nuclear-armed neighbors, just when their tit-for-tat strikes appeared to be spiraling out of control.

People celebrate Pakistan and India reaching a ceasefire deal, during a demonstration in Karachi, Pakistan, Saturday, May 10, 2025. (AP Photo/Fareed Khan) Pakistanis flash victory signs as they celebrate on top of a model of a tank following India and Pakistan have reached a ceasefire deal,