Objectives Ultrasound of temporal and axillary arteries may reveal vessel wall inflammation in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). We developed a ultrasound scoring system to quantify the extent ...

Background The SELENA flare index (SFI) has functioned well in clinical and clinical trial settings (1), but has the limitation that it classifies only severe versus combined mild/moderate flares.

Objective To examine the fracture risk with use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), statins, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), opioids, non-opioid analgesics and psychotropic medications ...

Background Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen are commonly used by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for pain relief (1). Approximately one in five patients with RA ...

Objective Randomised trials of type I anti-CD20 antibodies rituximab and ocrelizumab failed to show benefit in proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). We compared obinutuzumab, a humanised type II ...

Correspondence to Dr Peter Kvacskay, Department of Internal Medicine V Hematology Oncology Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; peter.kvacskay{at}med.uni-heidelberg ...

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares remain poorly understood at a mechanistic level and have been difficult to study because of their sporadic nature. BIO-FLARE (BIOlogical Factors that Limit ...

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands Correspondence to: Professor D van der Heijde Department of Internal Medicine, Division ...

Dr S M Wong, Department of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30–32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region China A range of options are available for the ...

Correspondence to Professor Sergey Moiseev, Tareev Clinic of Internal Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119435, Russian Federation; avt420034{at}yahoo.com Gut microbiome ...

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding sulfasalazine to leflunomide treatment compared with switching to sulfasalazine alone in patients with RA with an inadequate response to ...

Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare, multi-system idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by skin rash and muscle weakness that is often accompanied by pain and fatigue. Other ...